Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bonds
Chemical Bonds: Chemical Bond is the intermolecular interaction of two or more atoms . Atoms can be of same element or of different elements.Bonding between atoms is essential for coalition of atoms and release a new product.Chemical reactions are performed either to create new bonds between atoms or to dissociate the old bonds between the atoms.
Chemical bonds are of various types as follows:
Ionic Bond: Ionic bond is one of the common bond between atoms . Ionic bond is formed by complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. One of the atoms in ionic bond is of electronegative character and other is of electro-positive character. Electronegative atom is one which accepts the electrons and electro-positive atom is the atom which releases the electrons.For example Table salt used as normal salt at home is the combination if sodium and chlorine atoms . In table salt sodium and chlorine atoms are joined by ionic bond . In this bond sodium treats as a electro-positive atom as it releases electron and chlorine acts as electronegative atom as it accepts the electron from sodium.
Covalent Bond: Covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of atoms.It means atoms share their own electrons with each other. Covalent bond is less stronger than ionic bond as atoms are joined only by sharing of electrons.For example:carbon tetrachloride is a compound in which each chlorine atom is connected to carbon atom by covalent bond.Atomic number of carbon is 6 .It has 4 electrons in its valence or its last shell. these each electron of these four of carbon is shared by each chlorine atom to form a covalent bond.Other example is : water in which hydrogen and oxygen atoms are connected by covalent bond.
Hydrogen Bond:Hydrogen bond is formed by intermolecular attraction of hydrogen atom with other preferably with electronegative atom like fluorine, bromine etc.
Metallic Bond:Bond formed by attraction of atoms between metals is called metallic bond.For example in case of silver . In each silver atom the outermost electrons are pulled towards the nucleus of silver as a result of metallic bond .
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