Grammar 4 VOICES
VOICES
Voices are of two types:
- Active voice
- Passive voice
Active Voice:
When a verb shows that the subject has done something is known as active voice.
Example:
Shanthi gave a booK[Active voice].
Shanthi-subject
Gave -Verb
Book -object.
Passive Voice:
When a verb shows that something has been done to the subject,it is known as passive voice.
Example:
A book was given by Shanthi.[Passive voice]
Book -subject
Was given-verb
Shanthi -object.
RULES FOR CHANGE OF ACTIVE VOICE INTO PASSIVE VOICE:
- The ‘subject’ in the active voice becomes the ‘object’ in the passive voice.
- The ‘object’ in the active voice becomes the ‘subject’ in the passive voice.
- The meaning of the sentence does not change in the other voice.
- The ‘tense’ of the verb also does not change.
- Preposition ‘by’ is used in the passive voice to give complete sense to the sentence.
- Care must be taken to change the voice without changing the tense of the verbs given and taking into consideration singular and plural subjects and objects.
Change Into Passive Voice:
Simple present Tense:
Rules: o+pre.”BE” v[am,is,are]+past participle+by+objective case.
Example:
Singular: [Active into passive]
I write a letter.[Active]
A letter is written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I write letters.[Active]
Letters are written by me.[Passive]
Present Continuous:
Rule: o+pre.”BE” v+being+past particile+by+objective case.
Example:
Singular:
I am writing a letter.[Active]
A letter is being written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I am writing the letters.[Active]
The letters are being written by me.[Passive]
Present Perfect Tense:
Rule: o+have/has+been+past participle+by+objective case.
Example:
Singular:
I have written a letter.[Active]
A letter has been written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I have written the letters.[Active]
The letters have been written by me.[Passive]
Simple past tense:
Rule: o+past ”BE” v[was,were]+past participle+by+objective case.
Example:
Singular:
I wrote a letter.[Active]
A letter was written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I wrote letters.[Active]
Letters were written by me.[Passive]
Past continuous:
Rule: o+past “BE” v+being+past participle+by+objective case.
Example:
singular:
I was writing a letter.[Active]
A letter was being written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I was writing the letters.[Active]
The letters were being written by me.[Passive]
Past perfect tense:
Rule: o+had+been+past participle+by+objective case.
Example:
Singular:
I had written a letter.[Active]
A letter had been written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I had written the letters.[Active]
The letters had been written by me.[Passive]
Future tense:
Rule: o+F.A.V.+be+past participle+by+objective case.
Example:
Singular:
I will write a letter.[Active]
A letter will be written by me.[passive]
Plural:
I will write the letters.[Active]
The letters will be written by me.[Passive]
Future perfect tense:
Rules: o+F.A.V.+have+been+past participle+by+objective case.
Example:
Singular:
I will/shall have written a letter.[Active]
A letter will have been written by me.[Passive]
Plural:
I will/shall have written the letters.[Active]
The letters will have been written by me.[Passive]
Commands And Requests:
Rules: Let+object+be+past participle
Examples:
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Do the work. Let the work be done.
Please,write the test. Let the test be written.
Yes or No type questions:
Rule: Helping verb+object….?
Example:
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Do you like coffee? Is coffee liked by you?
Has he planned the Has the tour been tour?
planned by him?
Wh-Questions:
Rules: By whom+Helping+object…?
Example:
ACTIVE PASSIVE
Who broke this table? By whom was…..?
Who can meet the P.M? By whom can….?
OTHERS:
Why do you drink milk? Why is milk drunk by you?
Exceptional Cases:
- I must write a letter/letters.[Active voice]
A letters must be written by me.[Passive voice]
I should write a letter/letters.[Active voice]
A letter should be written by me.[Passive voice]
Likewise may,can also can be changed like this.
Thankyou,
Rajkumar
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