Different types of skin cancer
The number of patients with skin cancer rising food in recent years greatly increased by irresponsible sunbathing, sunbed use and distant vacations. This article briefly discusses three different types of skin cancer. The basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma as these are the two types are most prevalent. The melanoma is discussed in view of high mortality.
Basal cell carcinoma
The basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of cancer home, in approximately 70% of new cases of skin cancer is about cancer. The basal cell carcinoma grows slowly and only spread out to surrounding skin. Spreading to other parts of the body be not seen va.
The BCC is especially more often in men than in women and especially from 45 years of age, although in recent years an increasing incidence among people over 30 years. The basal cell carcinoma is mostly produced in sunlit skin.
Risk factors for the development of basaalcelcarcioom
People with skin type 1 or 2 are at risk as they are commonly exposed to UV radiation. In addition, sunburn at a young age a risk factor for getting cancer.
Besides exposure to UV radiation is also a congenital abnormality, basaalcelnaevus syndrome, in which young people get basal cell carcinoma. This deviation is very rare. Patients with this condition should be monitored periodically at BCC.
Difference Lede forms bacaalcelcarcinoom
Superficial BCC growing
This form occurs mainly on the trunk and extremities and may resemble a spot of eczema. This diagnosis is usually made late.
Nodular BCC growing
This form usually occurs in the face and form a lump. The nodule has a pearly luster and is slowly growing. On the cusp can create an ulcer with a crust.
Sprieterig growing BCC
This form appears no different from a scar
Diagnosis
If the GP or dermatologist suspects that there is basal cell carcinoma, a skin biopsy taken place or is completely removed by an excision.
Medicine
There are several treatments for basal cell carcinoma. These depend on the growth method and place of the BCC.
Huidexcisie
This is the most common treatment. Under local anesthesia, the place is completely removed.
Cryosurgery
During this treatment, the BCC under local anesthesia frozen with liquid nitrogen. The resulting wound heals i few weeks, it often creates a scar.
Curretage
Under local anesthesia, the BCC with a sharp spoon scraped. This treatment is used in small non-aggressive basal cell carcinoma.
Immiquimod cream
This is a cream that supports the immune system to fight the BCC. This treatment method is used for growing small superficial basal cell carcinoma.
Control
In patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma after treatment still get regular checks. The scar at the place where it is checked for recurrent BCC Sat. Furthermore in the first year after treatment for at least three times control over the body. In the second year, two times control. Then there until five years after treatment once more checked. If no new basal cell carcinomas are found, five years after treatment stopped checking.
Squamous
The squamous cell carcinoma (PCC) is a type of cancer that is relatively high. Approximately 15% of new cases is about van.huidkanker plaveiselclcarcinoom. It grows faster than basal cell carcinoma and without treatment can spread to surrounding lymph nodes, the risk is small.
The PCC is more common in men than in women and is most common in people over 60 years old. Squamous cell carcinoma often arises in sunlit skin.
Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma
Persons with a light-skinned, tye 1 or 2, have a greater chance of developing plaveiselcelcarsinoom. Previously it was mainly for basal cell carcinoma among people with a job in the outdoors, including farmers, postal workers, gardeners, etc. This is no longer the case due to an increase of sunbed use.
Besides exposure to UV radiation walking people with lowered immunity also an increased risk of developing a squamous cell carcinoma.
Signs of squamous cell carcinoma
The PCC can look like a skin-colored to red bump with a rough surface which over time can grow to a bigger bump. It may also be more like a gradually enlarging ulcer that will not heal.
Diagnosis
If the GP or dermatologist suspects that there is basal cell carcinoma, a skin biopsy taken place or is completely removed by an excision.
Piece Bra
Huidexcisie
This is the most common treatment. Under local anesthesia, the place is completely removed.
Cryosurgery
During this treatment, the BCC under local anesthesia frozen with liquid nitrogen. The resulting wound heals i few weeks, it often creates a scar.
Curretage
Under local anesthesia, the BCC with a sharp spoon scraped. This treatment is used in small non-aggressive basal cell carcinoma.
Photodynamic therapy
This is the spot treated with a photosensitive substance produced by cancer cells. After incorporation of the substance, the area illuminated by a light source through the light-sensitive substance produced by cancer cells makes these cells contained degraded.
Irradiation
This treatment is used for large tumors in critical locations on the body and therefore can not be removed surgically.
Control
In patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma, the first five years after treatment, periodic checks. It is checked for any new squamous cell carcinoma and metastases. If the five years of monitoring no metastases or new squamous cell carcinomas are found, the check is stopped after five years.
Malignant melanoma
Malignant melanoma is a relatively rare type of skin cancer in the Netherlands about 4000 times a year made the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. This type of skin cancer arises from melanocytes (pigment cells) and is relatively often seen in young people.
Characteristics of malignant melanoma
Usually a melanoma looks like a fast-growing, brownish-black mole that may be itchy or painful and sometimes blood and ulcers. A melanoma often occurs in a place where no mole was, but an existing mole may turn into a melanoma. Newly created changes to existing moles and birthmarks should therefore be monitored. One should pay attention to asymmetry, an irregular boundary and an irregular color also have moles that are larger 6mm to be monitored.
risk factors for malignant melanoma
People with light skin, type 1 or 2, have an increased risk of developing malignant melanoma. In addition, regular exposure to UV radiation and sunburn at a young age a risk factor.
In addition, there may be genetic predisposition due to a genetic defect. This construction is very rare. These carriers are at greatly increased risk of developing malignant melanoma.
Difference types of melanoma Lede
I situ melanoma
This variant of melanoma grows shallow, the malignant cells are only in the epidermis, the top layer of skin. The cells they have not penetrated into the skin layers underneath and there is no risk in this early form of metastasis.
Lentigo maliga
This form grows slowly and superficially, it begins as a dark pigment spot in the increases over time and is in fact a melanoma in situ. Approximately 5% of patients go on to the lentigo maligna lentigo maligna melanoma, which has a chance of metastasis.
Superficial spreading melanoma
Most melanomas fall into this category. This form of melanoma expands horizontally and vertically not usually grow deeper into the skin.
Nodular melanoma
This type of melanoma often looks like a dark blue or black sublimity.
Acrolentigineus melanoma
This is a rare form of melanoma which is located on the hands and feet.
Treatment
Malignant melanoma is suspected, the place is removed and examined when the diagnosis is made, a second operation in which the skin with one or two inches from each side of the scar. The removed skin is checked if the melanoma is completely removed.
Besides the skin, the lymph nodes examined when swollen glands found a needle puncture is performed. The lymph fluid which is hereby taken on cancer cells is investigated. If no suspicious cells are found, the corresponding lymph node removed. If there are suspicious cells are found, the corresponding lymph node removed and the corresponding lymph node station.
If there are metastases to the lymph nodes or other organs additional treatments.
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy can be applied to the place in the skin where the melanoma was removed, or at the site of metastasis.
Chemotherapy
If there is metastasis of malignant melanoma can opt for chemotherapy. This very aggressive drug ensures that the division of cells is hampered, since malignant cells divide faster than healthy cells, cancer cells are more sensitive to this. The healthy cells of the body are also affected, making chemotherapy often has many side effects.
Isolation Perfusion
This therapy is used if the melanoma is on a limb located. The limb where the melanoma is on findings of the circulation of the rest of the body closed. The limb is flushed with drugs. Because the limb is now separate from the rest of the circulation can be given a high dose of medication because the vital organs are not affected.
Prognosis
The prognosis of malignant melanoma is dependent on several factors. If the melanoma on the extremities findings, the favorable prognosis. In addition, the thickness of the melanoma influence. Naturally, the presence and extent of metastasis affects the prognosis.
Control
Once a patient has been treated for a melanoma is still five to ten years after audit. The first year, this three to four times done this if no abnormalities are found, the frequency is reduced. The checks will look to the body and lymph nodes are checked for swelling. Besides the location of the scar is the rest of the body examined for abnormal moles.
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