The electrons in the outermost orbitals of the atoms, which constitute the solid, determine its electrical properties. The electrons theory of solids aims to explain the structures and properties. Of solids through their electronic structure. The electron theory is applicable to all solids through their electronic structure. The electronic theory is applicable to all solids both metal and none metals. It explains the behavior of conductors, semi-conductors insulators, and electrical, thermal and magnetic properties of solids etc. the theory has been developed in three main stages.

(1) The classical free electron theory:

Drude and Lorentz developed this theory in 1900. According to this theory, the metals containing free electrons obey the law of classical mechanics.

(2) The quantum free electron theory:

Sommerfeld developed this theory during 1928. According to this theory, free electrons obey quantum laws.

(3) The zone theory:

Bloch stated this theory in 1928. According to this theory in 1928, the free electron moves in a periodic field provided by the lattice. This theory is also called “band theory of solids”.

• Written by Pankaj Kumar.
• In category Nature.
• 14 years ago.

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