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r. Ratan Tata chairman of Tata Group was hatching an idea of making a low budget small car .One day when he was driving his car; he saw a family of four getting soaked in rain water passing by their two wheelers. That scene inspired him to create a small car for the middle class.
Mr. Ratan Tata, initially thinking to rebuild cars around the scooter, so that those using two wheeler could be safer. Is it possible to build a four wheeler vehicle made of scooter parts? Nobody accepted the idea seriously, nobody even responded.
But nothing is impossible. Nano developed. The launch of Nano by Tata Motors is a red letter day in the history of India’s automotive industry. The cheapest (Rs 1 lakh approx. 2500 US$) family in the universe, popularly known as NANO, having an average Mileage pf 25 km per liter of petrol. Fulfill every international standards, including euro 4 norms.
Tata’s were always cautious that there should be no quality compromising. One thing it was very clear that it should never be a half car. The car may have a small engine in rear side, with four doors, air-conditioner, and leather seats in higher version of the people’s car.
Car Driving: How to Drive Safe on Steep Slops
When I was a small kid, I could not understand why the drivers of cars, buses and trucks used to put stones as stoppers when the vehicles failed or stopped on gradients- upward-slops and downward- slopes. I slowly understood the reasons for this when I learnt driving myself.
All of us know how difficult is to drive away a stationery car on an upward-slop. It is so because for the simple reason that a stationery car is usually put in a gear and handbrakes applied. Now for driving away, you have to bring it back to neutral gear, press the clutch paddle and drive away. We usually follow this procedure.
Let me list it out stage wise:
Conditions: a car stopped on a steep upward-slop and is in the reverse gear and handbrakes fully applied.
Most of us usually drive away a car from such position as follows:
- Press brake-pedal
- Release hand-brake (keeping brakes applied)
- Press clutch-pedal (keeping brakes applied)
- Apply neutral gear (keeping brakes applied)
- Start the engine (keeping brakes applied)
- Apply 1st gear (keeping brakes applied)
- Do 3-actions simultaneously: release brake-pedal… press accelerator… release clutch-pedal…
Result: The car will first rollback a bit and then will move forward. This rolling-back of the car is an error in driving. For correcting this error, we may change our action at the 7th stage. Let us revise the above stages with corrected 7th stage.
We should drive away a car from this position in the corrected way as follows:
- Press brake-pedal
- Release hand-brake (keeping brakes applied)
- Press clutch-pedal (keeping brakes applied)
- Apply neutral gear (keeping brakes applied)
- Start the engine (keeping brakes applied)
- Apply 1st gear (keeping brakes applied)
- Do 2 actions together: release brake-pedal and release clutch-lever… take both these actions simultaneously, successively and slowly… in order to let the engine drive away the vehicle with the default throttle of the fuel and ignition setting.
Continue this action until the vehicle comes in motion from the stationary position.
Now go to the 8th step. - shift your foot from the brake to the accelerator
- remove your foot from the clutch
- press the accelerator and drive away as usual
Result: By following the corrected way, the cars will not rollback, before moving forward, when attempted to drive away from stationary position on an up-gradient road.
This is the way a perfect driver drives in adverse conditions.
Did you ever imagine a car made out of fabric? Who will think about such crazy idea?
The guys at BMW R&D have been pondering about the standard manufacturing process,the standard material that all cars use and came up with some questions, wondering about the possibilities of using an alternate material for the car's body, how will a new material cope up with the safety and regulations, what materials can be used? Does a car roof really have to rest on pillars and be bordered by windows? Do all functions have to be visible at all times, even when they are not needed(like the tail lights and head light)? How many customization options does a car offer? Are there any possible alternatives to the rigid body usually made of steel or plastic?and all sorts of questions that were never even thought of before.Soon they came up with an answer.They wanted to build a concept car, that would let them try all their ideas.The result -The GINA ,which is a light Visionary Model and it is a fabric -skinned sports car built by BMW. GINA stands for "Geometry and functions In 'N' Adaptions". It was designed by a team led by BMW’s head of design, Chris Bangle, who says GINA allowed his team to "challenge existing principles and conventional processes."other designers include Anders Warming.It is an innovative new exploration in car design. instead of the traditional steel and plastic body shell, the GINA concept uses a textile fabric sheets over a wire frame. This unique idea allows the car’s skin to change shape, stretching to match the position and curve of the wire frame.The car is currently on show at the BMW museum in Munich, Germany.
The futuristic design and the study they made from it shows how BMW designers are thinking outside the box when it comes to the materials that make up a car and how can the car be made friendly to the customer.But after viewing the extensive gallery of images of the car, you'll be amazed how much the outer skin looks like normal sheet-metal. Until, that is, you see how the doors open. They lift up in butterfly fashion and since there are no hinges on the doors, the fabric binds up beautifully as the door swings open.BMW says the flexible, stretchable water resistant and translucent artificial fabric skin is polyurethane-coated 'Spandex', is tough and durable. It resists high or low temperatures, does not swell or shrink when under pressure and the movement of the car, over time does not loosen or damage the fabric. The body changes its shape according to the car's speeds, and it also allows the driver to change its shape at his/her own accord. The fabric is supported by a movable frame.The shape altering are done using the movement of these frames.The shape of the frame is controlled by a number of electric motors and hydraulics, for example, the tail lights are revealed when small motors pull the fabric away, revealing the tail light. As the fabric is translucent the taillights shine through it.The car is a concept car, as said before.Hence it's made only to inspire the engineers in automobile industry and not the public, but already people are wondering when will this fabric skinned, shape changing car will be launched to the public.
The team that designed and built Gina wanted to challenge themselves by trying new ergonomics for the car, moving away from the standard car design, both exterior and interior were designed new like never before.They wanted to impliment the new technologies available in the material industryu, rather than the old sheet metal or alloys of metal.This paved way for revolutionary design and a revolutionary concept. The design of the car was due to BMW's group called Designworks USA, a subsidary company of BMW.It operates globally and has greatly inspired the design team at BMW Group Design.
Sometimes visions like these occur, that are not to be adopted, rather be inspired to,they are meant to steer creativity and research into new directions. This approach helps to tap into formerly inconceivable, innovative potential that reaches far beyond the appearance of future cars and takes into account not only materials and structures but also functions and manufacturing processes.In addition to the looks, the GINA also deals with ergonomics, the functional range and all other factors that affect customers' emotional relationship with their car.Like the head rest, the hud / display,the height of ride, the spoiler,etc.,
With the development of the GINA concept Model, the BMW has given exemplary solutions and inspirations to other designers and engineers around the world. Also this concept car has revolutionised how engineers and designers approach in creating a car-especially a future car.This concept ars showcases the potintial of the material industry and the possibilities of future innovations. All innovations that this car presents some factors like the ergonomics and aesthetics, the individual desire factor etc, which were all not considered important previously.Usually the safety and standards and looks will be more concentrated upon.
If you want to participate in India or most other countries of our earth with a motor vehicle on the road, you need only a valid driver's license an insurance confirmation. With us is the motor insurance required by law, as in an accident with personal injury, property or financial loss to car insurance protects the rights of third parties. Were the contract terms, the party liable is not taken recourse, but expect the car holder only has a contribution increase. With minor damage, it is therefore advisable to calculate before a treatment by the insurance, whether it is the better long term solution to pay for the damage from his own pocket.
To determine the monthly contribution to motor insurance will be used many different factors, but the contribution is made in principle, the classification of drivers and vehicles. In the classification of driver age, gender, driving experience and are possibly caused injuries and asked for similar criteria. The vehicle is according to size, age, vehicle type and annual mileage are authorized in type-grouped and regional classes. From these two values determined then determines the amount of contributions. Some insurers give discounts under certain conditions more such as when a garage is used or if the driver can demonstrate a safety training.
With particularly high contributions young drivers need / expect in under 25 years, since statistically they have a particularly high risk of accidents. With most insurance companies is a contribution of up to 240 percent of the basic sum. Can we not have at least two years experience, for example by driving with his parents' car, a reduction in the contribution rate to 140 percent possible. However, parents should notify the insurance that their offspring also uses the vehicle, otherwise it can lead to damage in the regulatory problems. The contribution to the automobile insurance of the parents, however, increases by about 10 to 20 percent, depending on the insurance.
Many vehicle owners to close simultaneously with their motor insurance, a part of the vehicle insurance, the so-called comprehensive insurance, ab. This can be applied as full or partial coverage, and with or without excess. In today's cost of leasing a vehicle are often closed to the financing or credit agreements, which have the value of the car as collateral. Will there be a self-inflicted accident, pay the full insurance of their own cost and risk of the holder is less, without having to pay off debts remaining value. However, when alcohol, drugs, influence of drugs or a liability excluded.
The large number of suppliers it does because of the vast amounts of tariff schedules very difficult to carry out an objective comparison of different car insurance. For a small fee you can not entrust the independent Consumer Research. Very attractive offer car insurance direct line or insurance.
The history of modern civilization is replete with such inventions that seem just so intuitive in today’s world that we cannot help but wonder how humanity managed to survive before their discovery. Today I will talk about one such accessory that has become such an indispensible part of our lives that we take its existence almost for granted.
If you have lived in any modern day city then without a doubt you would have used a cup holder. Granted that they are not one of those path breaking, awe-inspiring inventions of our times. But their beauty lies in the fact that they have become such integral part of our daily routine that life would be pretty inconvenient without them. The bulk of cup holder usage occurs in our automobiles. Be it the daily morning coffee during office commute or the chilled soda during the drive upstate, these drink holders really do make life much easier when travelling. After all, you wouldn’t want your neatly ironed suit soaked in your morning coffee just before your all important meeting. Avoiding these types of mistakes is easy enough if you have a cup holder in your car.
Then we have what are commonly known as poker table cup holders. These are made to hold a beer or other beverage while you enjoy Texas Hold'em or any other poker game at the table. A very common sight in casinos, they are made out of stainless steel and are affixed to the table edge using a thin plate, providing a simple yet elegant way of securing your drinks.
Another creative variant is the rotating cup holder. These are usually built into tables, chairs or even cars. Most are on a hinge that allows them to be rotated closer or father away depending on convenience. One unique feature about them is that they are also available as stand-alone fittings, letting you install one where ever you need them.
A rather advanced type is the insulated cup holder. Although not so sleek, it packs the utility of temperature control for your beverage. It is simply an insulated container that is made to hold cups, bottles, or cans.
The bottom line is that when looking for the perfect drink holder; just make sure to remember exactly what you'll be using it for. This will help you find the cup holder that's just right for whatever application you need.