Matter
We use different things in our daily life. Matter is present in different forms like car, Cycle, Table, Stones, Pebbles, Ball etc in our daily life. All these objects have different shapes, colours and uses. All the above objects are made up of glass, wood, iron and plastic. All these are made up of matter. Matter occupies space and has weight. Air and water are also used in our daily life. Air and water do not have a particular shape.
Formation of Matter: Molecules are the smallest particles of a matter which are not visible to the naked eye. Attractive forces are there in between these molecules. These forces are not same in all. Inter molecular attraction is responsible for the change in the states of matter. The attraction force of molecules are depends upon their states.
Matter is divided in to three states they are:
1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Gases
1.) Solids: Molecules are very close to one another in solid. Distance between molecules is very less. Force of attraction between molecules is more. So, the solids have definite shape and occupy space and volume. Bricks, Coal, Wood are solids which are hard. Rubber, Thermocoal, Cotton, Wool and Sponge are solids which are soft. Salt and sand are also solids which can be poured as heap.
2.) Liquids: Liquids are those which have the capacity to flow. Water, milk, oil these come under liquids. They occupy space but have nod definite shape. If we pour water into a container, it takes the shape of that container.
- Molecules in liquids are not closely packed as in solids.
- Distance between the molecules in liquids is greater than in the solids.
- Force of attraction between molecules in liquids is less. Therefore they move freely and can flow.
- Liquids occupy more space.
- Molecules in liquids move in a limited radius. Therefore they have finite volume. We cannot compress the liquids. Applying pressure to reduce the volume is called "Compressibility"
3.) Gases: Gas cylinders in our houses are filled with compressed gas. Molecules of gas in a balloon are also compressed because they are loosely arranged. Force of attraction between the molecules is very less in gases which enables the molecules to move irregularly. Hence they do not have definite shape.
How the matter is changed from one state to another:
Take some Ice blocks in a beaker and heat it on the spirit lamp. Ice blocks get converted into water. If you heat continuously water evaporates. If you catch the vapour and cool it, it becomes water again. If you still cool it then it turns back to ice again. Observe the vapour while cooking on the stove and also see the lid of the rice bowl soon after cooking. You may observe the water droplets on it. Ice block, water, water vapour are solid, liquid and gaseous states of the same matter.
Water is in liquid state when the room temperature in 25 degrees centigrade. If the temperature decreases to 0 degrees centigrade it changes into ice. If the temperature increases, then it changes into gaseous state.
The molecules are of same type in all these states. But their arrangement in internal force and the attraction of the molecules are the causes for the change in the state. The state of matter depends upon the attraction and distance of the molecules present in it.
Like it on Facebook, Tweet it or share this article on other bookmarking websites.