To send and receive video is needed:
Video capture card that supports Microsoft Video for Windows.
Video Camera to Connect to the video capture card.
A third option, which replaces the two previously mentioned, is to have a QuickCam, which connects to the parallel port or the keyboard and does not need a video card.
To send and receive audio is also needed:
Sound card that is in accordance with the specifications of Windows Multimedia (Sound Blaster or above) that handles audio, preferably in Full Duplex mode.
A microphone and speakers or headphones.
Versions of Windows:
All versions of Windows
Windows 98
Windows 95
Windows 3.1
Windows for Workgroups 3.11
Not known for videoconferencing package that runs under OS / 2 or DOS.
5.4 Process of videoconferencing over the Internet
By having all the requirements outlined above, if a user runs a video packet, it may be carried out easily and quickly.
After installing any package if you need to configure some features. By this we mean that the user must specify certain parameters to the program, such as the type of camera and video and sound cards to be used in video conferencing, and management. Furthermore, some applications require the user's name, to show the other side of the videoconference.
Generally, you must set the agenda for the IP address of the computer that is on the other side of the connection, this connection is made via the Internet if the IP address is incorrect or could not be located, the program will present the video an explanatory message to the user connection, indicating that the connection could not be established.
As seen, the Internet is essential for video conferencing using these packages, because being a network, to which everyone has access, is the ideal means to establish communication between any points in the world, and make meetings.
With the advance of technology has made it possible to transport video and sound from one point to another, via the Internet. Packages that use this means of transport, used small video cameras that are connected to a capture card images on the computer, capture the image and voice of those who are opposed to it, makes them carry digital signals and use this information the network until it reaches the destination where they could be seen and heard by those who are there.
2. Operation of the Web Cams
Specifically, the video camera connected to the computer captures the image (s) of person (s) is (n) against it. Also, through a microphone and with a sound card, all audio is trapped. Thus, information to be captured by the devices connected to the computer, are encapsulated and sent to the network, where, through the Internet connection, the package uses the principles of TCP / IP to enable data to reach their final destination, or the person whose IP address was entered at the beginning of the videoconference.
And thanks to this also provides the means to ensure the safe arrival of information to its correct destination, because each program has special methods to detect loss of data packets sent either video or audio, and performs its own operations or apply algorithms that let you save video and ensure that data loss go unnoticed for the user.
In some of these packages for video conferencing over the Internet, any video capture is done via Microsoft Video for Windows Video Capture API. This allows them to capture video from any video card that supports Windows.
Each package has its own method of transmission of both video and audio, some such as Video Phone, using techniques that minimize the amount of information to convey, leading to a faster transmission and safer. Whatever the method used for each packet, all offer excellent quality sound and images, enabling videoconferences were performed successfully in most cases.
One advantage of using these packages and the current transmission medium of the Internet, which decreases discomfort and prevent other problems that caused the previous video. A few years earlier, required the installation of video conferencing rooms specially equipped and dedicated transmission links.
Historically, problems with the echo from the microphone and movements have adversely affected the quality of audio from a videoconference. For it is so spontaneous and natural as a face to face meeting, participants will require an audio "Full Duplex", which allows simultaneous conversations, however, to address economic and regeneration or feedback, audio systems of many took video, and even in some even take in a half-duplex mode, in which one person can talk at once, because even though the signals transmitted in both directions, only to pass in one direction once. Thus, people who are at one end of the video can not be heard while you are on the other side is talking, which differs from natural conversation, many of the current packages of video over the Internet offers ways Full Duplex.
5.6 Full Duplex Mode:
On both sides of the video you can speak and listen simultaneously, allowing for naturally occurring questions and interruptions by the speaker of the auditorium. A full duplex audio system requires either meeting room arrangements with specially designed acoustic technique AEC (Acoustic Echo Cancelation) or a combination of both.
Previously, to solve these problems require specialized microphones carefully located and complex calibration procedures for the room, ie fourth complex arrangements to produce a good sound effect. Most disposers echo, helps prevent signs of return to speech that occurs when someone speaks, with the signal from the microphone, however these systems require accurate calibration, a careful placement of microphones and speakers, and precise adjustment of the microphone sensitivity and volume of the speaker's voice. In many situations the quarter also requires special sound. These methods have the acoustic cover the walls with sound-absorbing elements such as heavy tapestries, tiles, tiles, carpets and special.
Currently, these problems have been eliminated because the video packets are techniques that minimize the AEC both the acoustic signal produced by the microphone when speaking as the echo of the videoconference in the fourth. Without AEC, the audience would hear an annoying echo the voice back to the other end of the video, however this technique has the disadvantage of requiring microphones routed to minimize the echo. As directed microphones lose the conversation in various areas of the room and do not allow much freedom in the speech of the participants of the videoconference.
However other packages incorporate a more modern technology and improved the IDEC (Integrated Dynamic Echo Cancellation), which dramatically improves audio quality. On the other hand, allows participants to hear and be heard easily from anywhere in the video conferencing room, without need for complex arrangements in the rooms and directed installation of microphones, CAPat farthest up conversations anywhere in the room.
Moreover, these packages have audio compression algorithms, which are responsible for providing an excellent sound fidelity, including any system previously installed.
Finally, the microphones for video conferencing available in the market, they can collect the voice of any spectator from anywhere in the room. Thus, people involved in the video are free to move around the room like they did if they were in a meeting face to face.
Analysis of contingencies
In any communications program, for more advanced and that is good, sometimes there are problems in its functioning and operation, especially the first few times you use it. Many of these flaws are out of control and even the user of the program, because they depend on the network, bandwidth, congestion exists, the number of stations that are using at any given time, etc. Others are human error that inexperienced users and even the experts sometimes committed for this reason some of the most common problems that can occur in a video and how to resolve to succeed.
Carbon nano tube is one of the most emerging technology which is to replace CMOS . Using Carbon nano tube it is possible to make which is much smaller than present device. The power consumption is picco watt, switching energy is nano watt and the most importent is it is cost effective.
Using Carbon nanotube we can design a FET transistor which will be an alternative of MOSFET. CN FET contains a Carbon tube which forms a channel between drain and source. This tube allow the transportation of carrier between the electrode. The electric potential applied on the gate terminal cintrols the flow of carrier. One of the most attractive feature of Carbon nano device is conversion of N to P or P to N device, it not possible only from dopping but also from the electric field. On the application of suitable electric field the same device will act as N / P polarity device.
Based on the analysis performed by an independent laboratory unveiled the iPhone, the new Apple phone, it contains substances hazardous to health and the environment.
A scientific laboratory has analyzed 18 of the external and internal components iPhone and confirmed the presence of brominated compounds in half the samples, including antenna, which constitutes 10% of the total weight of the flexible circuit board. These compounds are toxic, accumulate in fatty tissue in the human environment are highly resistant to degradation.
Besides the headphone cables are made of PVC and contain 1.5% of phthalate esters, substances that alter the hormonal and reproductive system and may promote cancer. Are the same substances that the European Union has already banned in toys.
Since 2006, this new lab has analyzed three times Apple brand products. IPod and Macbook Pro laptop, also revealed the presence of brominated flame retardants and PVC in some components.
Other competitors such as Sony Ericsson, Nokia, and Motorola mobile phones are free of PVC and brominated compounds.
Have you been used to Google Earth for finding and searching for location in your city or distance between your city and other city. Looking for cities which you just wanted to visit and using Google Earth to have sneak peak into it.
In the market of 3D and 2D maps and location, Google Earth has been ruling the market. Though we have other players in the Market. ISRO is well known amongst space faring nations for its world-leading reputation in developing new, indigenous and innovative service oriented applications using remote sensing technology. Multi-resolution images from multi-sensor IRS satellites of India is seamlessly depicted through the Bhuvan web portal by enabling a common man to zoom into specific area of interest at high resolution. ISRO trying to make it mark to common people in order to get the updated images of space and othe regions.
Not only providing the different images in different forms, also providing information about Resource, places, Some of the features of Bhuvan are:
Basic features of Bhuvan:
- Access, explore and visualise 2D and 3D image data along with rich thematic information on Soil, wasteland, water resources etc.
- Visualise multi-resolution, multi-sensor, multi-temporal image data
- Superpose administrative boundaries of choice on images as required
- Visualisation of AWS ( Automatic Weather Stations) data/information in a graphic view and use tabular weather data of user choice
- Fly to locations ( Flies from the current location directly to the selected location)
- Heads-Up Display ( HUD) naviation controls ( Tilt slider, north indicator, opacity, compass ring, zoom slider)
- Navigation using the 3D view Pop-up menu (Fly-in, Fly out, jump in, jump around, view point)
- 3D Fly through (3D view to fly to locations, objects in the terrain, and navigate freely using the mouse or keyboard)
- Drawing 2D objects (Text labels, polylines, polygons, rectangles, 2D arrows, circles, ellipse)
- Drawing 3D Objects (placing of expressive 3D models, 3D polygons, boxes)
- Snapshot creation (copies the 3D view to a floating window and allows to save to a external file)
Particular interest of ISRO/DOS would be to provide such functionalities to common man so that he/she adopts participatory approach with scientists to solve simple problems easily and interactively.
Now to register yourself and see the India Earth, which give more clear picture than Google Earth : To Register
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