Major landforms
Landforms-
hills.
Mountains, plateaus and plains are the major landforms on the surface of the earth. These landforms are divided into various features which are given below.
A) Fold Mountains: The sediments deposited over some thousands of meters in geosynclines of the oceans are folded due to the upward and lateral forces. They are called Fold Mountains.
B) Block Mountains: Some times faults develop on the earth’s surface due to adjustments in the earth’s interior. On either side of the line of faults the land may rise or subside. The rise portions of land are called Block Mountain.
C) Volcanic mountains: when a volcano erupts in the interior of the earth, lava or molten rock material flow to the surface of the earth. It accumulates at great height and solidifies after cooling to form volcanic mountains.
D) Residual Mountains: The ancient fold mountains, though they are very high in the beginning, are gradually subjected to erosion and depreciation in height. They are called residual mountains.
E) Intermontane Plateau: A plateau surrounded by mountains is called on intermontane plateau. These plateaus are formed along with Fold Mountains.
F) Piedmont plateaus: Piedmont plateaus are formed along with mountains. They are situated at the foot of the mountains. They are bounded by mountains on one side and either plains or seas on the other.
G) Continental or Lava plateaus: Continental plateaus or lava plateaus are formed when lava from volcanoes flows over vast areas and solidifies.
H) Coastal plans: When continental shelves that extend into oceans are uplifted due to upward forces of the earth’s interior, plains are formed. Such plains are called coastal plains.
I) Erosional plains: When high landforms are subjected to erosions, they are gradually worn down in height by disintegration. The plains so formed are called Erosional plains.
J) Depositional plains: the material eroded and transported by rivers, winds and glaciers is deposited at suitable places. Such places are called depositional plains.
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